We consider the sequential decision-making problem of making proactive request assignment and rejection decisions for a profit-maximizing operator of an autonomous mobility on demand system. We formalize this problem as a Markov decision process and propose a novel combination of multi-agent Soft Actor-Critic and weighted bipartite matching to obtain an anticipative control policy. Thereby, we factorize the operator's otherwise intractable action space, but still obtain a globally coordinated decision. Experiments based on real-world taxi data show that our method outperforms state of the art benchmarks with respect to performance, stability, and computational tractability.

Modern machine learning requires system designers to specify aspects of the learning pipeline, such as losses, architectures, and optimizers. Meta-learning, or learning-to-learn, instead aims to learn those aspects, and promises to unlock greater capabilities with less manual effort. One particularly ambitious goal of meta-learning is to train general-purpose in-context learning algorithms from scratch, using only black-box models with minimal inductive bias. Such a model takes in training data, and produces test-set predictions across a wide range of problems, without any explicit definition of an inference model, training loss, or optimization algorithm. In this paper we show that Transformers and other black-box models can be meta-trained to act as general-purpose in-context learners. We characterize phase transitions between algorithms that generalize, algorithms that memorize, and algorithms that fail to meta-train at all, induced by changes in model size, number of tasks, and meta-optimization. We further show that the capabilities of meta-trained algorithms are bottlenecked by the accessible state size (memory) determining the next prediction, unlike standard models which are thought to be bottlenecked by parameter count. Finally, we propose practical interventions such as biasing the training distribution that improve the meta-training and meta-generalization of general-purpose learning algorithms.

We propose a learning-based robust predictive control algorithm that compensates for significant uncertainty in the dynamics for a class of discrete-time systems that are nominally linear with an additive nonlinear component. Such systems commonly model the nonlinear effects of an unknown environment on a nominal system. We optimize over a class of nonlinear feedback policies inspired by certainty equivalent "estimate-and-cancel" control laws pioneered in classical adaptive control to achieve significant performance improvements in the presence of uncertainties of large magnitude, a setting in which existing learning-based predictive control algorithms often struggle to guarantee safety. In contrast to previous work in robust adaptive MPC, our approach allows us to take advantage of structure (i.e., the numerical predictions) in the a priori unknown dynamics learned online through function approximation. Our approach also extends typical nonlinear adaptive control methods to systems with state and input constraints even when we cannot directly cancel the additive uncertain function from the dynamics. We apply contemporary statistical estimation techniques to certify the system's safety through persistent constraint satisfaction with high probability. Moreover, we propose using Bayesian meta-learning algorithms that learn calibrated model priors to help satisfy the assumptions of the control design in challenging settings. Finally, we show in simulation that our method can accommodate more significant unknown dynamics terms than existing methods and that the use of Bayesian meta-learning allows us to adapt to the test environments more rapidly.

基于学习的行为预测方法越来越多地被部署在现实世界的自治系统中，例如，在全球主要城市的自动驾驶汽车舰队中开始商业运营。但是，尽管有进步，但绝大多数预测系统专门针对一组经过验证的地理区域或操作设计领域，使部署到其他城市，国家或大陆。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的方法，可以有效地将行为预测模型适应新环境。我们的方法利用了元学习的最新进展，特别是贝叶斯回归，以使用自适应层增强现有的行为预测模型，该模型可以通过离线微调，在线适应或两者兼而有之有效的域传输。多个现实世界数据集的实验表明，我们的方法可以有效地适应各种看不见的环境。

学识渊博的优化器 - 经过训练可以充当优化器的神经网络 - 有可能大大加速机器学习模型的培训。但是，即使以巨大的计算费用进行了数千个任务进行元训练，Blackbox学会的优化者在应用于任务的稳定性和概括方面也经常在其元训练集中使用。在本文中，我们使用动力学系统中的工具来研究优化算法的电感偏差和稳定性，并将所得的见解应用于设计黑框优化器的电感偏置。我们的调查始于嘈杂的二次模型，在该模型中，根据训练动力学的特征值，我们表征了优化稳定的条件。然后，我们将简单的修改引入了学到的优化器的体系结构和元训练过程，从而改善了稳定性，并改善了优化器的电感偏置。我们将最终学习的优化器应用于各种神经网络训练任务，在优化性能和元训练速度方面，它的表现优于当前的最新技术优化器（在匹配的优化器计算上的开销），并且能够实现对任务的概括与受元训练的任务大不相同。

由于存在浓烟或阴霾，从室外视觉环境收集的图像通常会降解。在这些退化的视觉环境（DVE）中，在场景理解中进行研究的关键挑战是缺乏代表性的基准数据集。这些数据集需要评估降级设置中的最新对象识别和其他计算机视觉算法。在本文中，我们通过引入带有朦胧和无雾图像的第一个配对的真实图像基准数据集以及原位的雾化密度测量来解决其中的一些限制。该数据集是在受控的环境中生产的，其专业烟雾产生机器覆盖了整个场景，并由从无人机（UAV）（UAV）和无人接地车（UGV）的角度捕获的图像组成。我们还评估了一组代表性的最先进的飞行方法以及数据集中的对象探测器。本文介绍的完整数据集，包括地面真相对象分类框和雾密度测量值，为社区提供了以下网址评估其算法的信息：https：//a2i2-archangel.vision。该数据集的一个子集已用于在CVPR UG2 2022挑战的雾痕中进行对象检测。

优化在开发机器学习系统中起着昂贵且至关重要的作用。在学习的优化器中，常用手工设计的优化器的少数超参数，例如Adam或SGD用灵活的参数函数代替。然后对这些功能的参数进行优化，以便所得的学习优化器最大程度地减少所选模型类别的目标损失。学识渊博的优化者都可以减少所需的训练步骤的数量并改善最终测试损失。但是，它们的训练可能很昂贵，一旦训练，由于优化器本身的计算和内存开销，使用训练可能很昂贵。在这项工作中，我们确定并量化了许多学习和手工设计的优化器的内存，计算和性能权衡的设计功能。我们进一步利用我们的分析来构建比以前的工作更快，更有效的学习优化器。我们的模型和培训代码是开源的。

我们在最近的基于学习的控制方法中确定了一个问题，这些控制的使用随机微分方程重新重新设计了具有不确定动态的系统。具体地，我们讨论用固定但不确定参数（认知源不确定的源）替换模型的近似值，该模型受到作为布朗运动（对应于炼米不确定性）的外部干扰。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.